Nhanganyaya yeYoga
Yoga ndiko kushandurwa kwe "Yoga", zvinoreva kuti "joko", zvichireva kushandiswa kwejoko rekuputika rekurima kuti rideredze nyika, uye kutyaira varanda nemabhiza. Kana mombe mbiri dzakabatana nejoko kurima nyika, ivo vanofanirwa kufamba vakabatana uye vanowirirana uye vakabatana, vakasikanganisa, vakasikanganisa, ivo havazokwanisi kushanda. Zvinoreva "kubatana, kusanganisa, kuwirirana"
Zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura muIndia, mukutevera mamiriro ekumusoro ekuwirirana pakati pemurume nechisikigo, mamongi anowanzogara mukuvanzika mudondo rakanyanya uye akafungisisa. Mushure menguva yakareba yehupenyu hwakareruka, mamongi akaziva mitemo yakawanda yemisikirwo kubva pazvinhu zvekutarisa, uye akabva ashandisa mitemo yekupona kwezvisikwa kuvanhu, zvishoma nezvishoma ichinzwa shanduko dzakavanzika mumuviri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vakadzidza kutaurirana nemiviri yavo, uye nekudaro vakadzidza kuongorora miviri yavo, uye vakatanga kuchengetedza uye kutungamira hutano hwavo, pamwe nekuporesa matenda uye kurwadziwa. Pashure pezviuru zvemakore ekutsvagisa uye pfupiso, seti yehutano hwakakwana, hwehutano hwakakwana uye hunoshanda uye hunhu hwekusimba zvishoma nezvishoma hwakaitika, iro richava iro.
Mifananidzo yejono dzazvino
Yoga, iyo yakave yakakurumbira uye inopisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi mumakore apfuura, haisi kungozivikanwa kana maitiro ekusimba. Yoga iSimba rekare reSimba Rekuita Nzira inosanganisa uzivi, sainzi uye art. Nheyo dzeYoga dzakavakwa pane yekare yeIndia uzivi. Kwezviuru zvemakore, zvirevo zvepfungwa, zvehupamhi, zvemuviri uye zvemweya zvave chikamu chakakosha chetsika yeIndia. Vatendi vekare vebuga vakagadzira iyo Yoga system nekuti vakatenda zvakanyatsoteerera uye vachidzora kufema, vanogona kudzora pfungwa nemanzwiro uye kuchengetedza muviri une hutano nekusingaperi.
Chinangwa cheYoga ndechekuzadzisa kuwirirana pakati pemuviri, pfungwa uye zvakasikwa, kuitira kuti uve nevanhu vanogona, huchenjeri uye zvekunamata. Kuti ingozviisa, Yoga inzira yemuviri ine simba rekufamba uye maitiro emweya, uye zvakare uzivi hwehupenyu hwashandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Chinangwa cheYoga maitiro ndechekuti uwane nzwisiso yakanaka uye mutemo wenzana wepfungwa dzako, uye kujaira uye kujairana uye kugona pfungwa dzenyama.
Mavambo eYoga
Iko kwakatangira yoga kunogona kuteverwa kudzokera kuChinyakare Indian Budiriro. MuIndia yekare zviuru zvishanu apfuura, yakanzi "Pfuma yenyika". Iyo ine tsika yakasimba yekufunga kusinganzwisisike, uye yakawanda yayo yakapfuura kubva kuna tenzi kuenda kumudzidzi muchimiro chemuromo mafomu. Yogis yekutanga yaive masayendisiti akangwara akapokana nechisikigo gore rose rakatenderedza paRoutsoka reHimalayas rine chando. Kuti ararame hupenyu hwakareba uye hune hutano, munhu anofanira kutarisana "chirwere", "rufu", "muviri", "muviri" uye hukama pakati pemunhu nechadenga. Idzi ndidzo nyaya dzinodzidziswa nemazana emakore.
Yoga yakatanga muHimalayan Folofills kuchamhembe kweIndia. Vafundisi vemazuva anoongorora uye vaongorori uye ngano, vanofunga nezvazvo, vakafungidzira kuti kwaYoga: Kune rimwe mita dzvene ramai. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vamwe vanhu vakatanga godo uye kuvatevera. Aya vatsvene vakapfuura nzira dzakavanzika dzekudzidzira vateveri vavo muchimiro chemuromo mafomula, uye aya ndiwo aive wekutanga yogis. Kana vechinyakare vekare veYoga veYoga vaibata miviri yavo nepfungwa mune zvakasikwa, vakatsvaga netsaona kuti mhuka uye zvidyarwa zvakabarwa nezvisikwa zvekuporesa, kuzorora, kana kuramba wakamuka pasina kurapwa pasina kurwara.
Vakanyatsonaka mhuka kuti vaone mafambiro avo, mafema sei, akadya, akazorora, akazorora, akarara, uye akakurisa chirwere zvinobudirira. Vakazvitevedzera, uye vakazviona pachezvara zvemhuka, vakasanganiswa nechimiro chemuviri wemunhu uye masisitimu akasiyana, uye vakasika mateedzero ekurovedza muviri zvinobatsira pamuviri nepfungwa, kureva Asanas. Panguva imwecheteyo, vakaongorora kuti Mweya unobata sei hutano, uye dzakatsvaga nzira dzekudzora pfungwa, uye dzitsvaga nzira dzekuwirirana pakati pemuviri, pfungwa, uye nekuvandudza vanhu, huchenjeri, uye hungwaru uye hwekunamata. Uku ndiko kwakatanga kwazvino kufungisisa. Mushure memakore anopfuura zviuru zvishanu zvekudzidzira, nzira dzekuporesa dzinodzidziswa neYoga dzakabetsera zvizvarwa zvevanhu.
Pakutanga, yogis zvaiitwa mumapako uye masango akasviba muHimalaya, uye akabva awedzera kutemberi nenyika dzenyika. Yogis pinda yakadzika kwazvo yekufungisisa yakadzama, ivo vachazadzisa kusanganiswa kweumwe neumwe kuziva mukati, uye kufadza kwazvo, nekukasira simba rakasimba uye nekukwezva, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kupararira pakati pevanhuwo zvavo muIndia.
Vanotenderedza 300 BC, The Great Indian Sage Patanjali akagadzira iyo Yoga Sutras, iyo Indian Yoga yakaumbwa zvechokwadi, uye tsika yeYoga yakatsanangurwa nenzira sere-yakarongedzwa. Patanjali is a saint ane kukosha kukuru kweYoga. Akanyora iyo yoga Sutras, iyo yakapa dzidziso dzese nezivo yeYoga. Mubasa iri, Yoga yakaumba hurongwa hwakazara kekutanga. Patanjali anodzingwa semununuri weIndia Yoga.
Vanochera matongo vakawana poteni yakachengetedzwa kwazvo muIntus rwizi bheseni, pane iyo nhamba yemuga ichiratidzwa kufungidzirwa. Iyi pottery inosvika makore zviuru zvishanu, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nhoroondo yeYoga inogona kuteverwa kudzokera kune imwe nguva yekare.
Vedic proto-vedic nguva
Nguva yekutanga
Kubva pa5000 BC To 3000 BC, veIndia varapi vakadzidza tsika yeyoga kubva kumhuka dziri mudondo rakanyanya. MuWutong Valley, zvakanyatsopfuudzwa muchivande. Pashure pemakore chiuru chekushanduka-shanduka, kwaive nezviratidzo zvishoma, uye zvakaonekwa muchimiro chekufungisisa, kufungisisa uye kusatarisisa. Yoga panguva ino yaidaidzwa kuti tantric yoga. Munguva isina zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa, Yoga zvishoma nezvishoma zvakavapo kubva kuhunyanzvi hwekutanga kufunga kuita nzira yekuita, pakati pekufungisisa, kufungisisa uye kusatarisisa ndiko kuitwa kweYoga maitiro. Munguva yemukati merudzi rwebudiriro, boka revanhu vekwavo mune yeIndia Subcontentanent yakatsauka kutenderera pasirese. Zvese zvakavapa kukurudzirwa kusingaperi. Vakaita mhemberero dzakaoma uye dzakasimba uye vakanamata vamwari kubvunza nezvechokwadi chehupenyu. Kunamatwa kwesimba reumbozha, kugona kwakakosha uye hupenyu hurefu hunhu hwe tantric yoga. Yoga mune yechinyakare pfungwa ndeye tsika yemweya yemukati. Iko kuvandudzwa kweYoga kwakagara kuenderera mberi nekushanduka kwenhoroondo yezvitendero zveIndia. Iko kuzivikanwa kweYoga kwakakurumidza kugadzirwa uye kufumurwa nekuvandudzwa kwenhoroondo.
Vedic nguva
Pfungwa yekutanga yeYoga yakaonekwa muzana ramakore rechigumi nemashanu BC kusvika kugumi nemasere emakore rechigumi nemasere BC. Iko kurwisa kweiyo nomadic Arryans kunowedzera kudzikira kweiyo nharaunda yeIndia uye yakaunza tsika yeBrahman. Pfungwa yeYoga yakatanga kuratidzwa mune yechitendero chechitendero "Vedas", iyo yakatsanangudza Yoga se "kudzora" kana "kurangwa" asi pasina magadzirirwo. Mukurarama kwayo kwekupedzisira, Yoga yakashandiswa senzira yekuzvidzora, uye zvakare yaisanganisira zvimwe zvemukati zvekudzora kwekufema. Panguva iyoyo, zvakasikwa nevapristi vaitenda kuna Mwari kuti vave nani. Chinangwa cheVeic yoga yoga you vakatanga kushandurwa kubva kunyanya zvichienderana nekuita kwemuviri kuti vazvinyepedzera kuzvisunungurera kune hutsinye hwechitendero kwekuziva kubatana kweBrahman naAtman.
Pre- Classical
Yoga Inova nzira yeMweya Maitiro
Muzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, varume vakuru vaviri vakaberekerwa muIndia. Imwe idiki rinozivikanwa, uye imwe yacho maMahava, muvambi weiyo tsika yeJaini yeJaini muIndia. Dzidziso dzaBuddha dzinogona kupfupikiswa se "chokwadi chinokwezva, kutambudzika, kubviswa, uye nzira". Masisitimu ese edzidziso dzaBuddha anozivikanwa kwazvo nenyika yose. Imwe inonzi "Vipassana" uye imwe yacho inonzi "Samapatti", inosanganisira yakakurumbira "Anapanasati". Mukuwedzera, Buddha akatanga tsika yepamoyo yekudzidzira yemweya inonzi "nzira yepasi-shoma", umo "kuraramisa kwechokwadi" uye "kushanda kwakakodzera" kwakafanana nemirairo uye kushingaira muRaja Yoga.
Chifananidzo cheMahava, muvambi waJainism muIndia
Buddhism yakakurumbira munguva dzekare, uye nzira dzechiBhudha dzakavakirwa pakufungisisa dzakapararira kune vazhinji veAsia. Kufungisisa kwechiBhudha hakuna kungogumira kune vamwe mamongi uye vasungwa (Sadhus), asiwo kunoitwa nevakawanda vakarara vanhu. Nekuda kwekupararira kwakapararira kweBuddhism, kufungisisa kwakakurumbira mu mainland India. Gare gare, kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 13, maMuslim carlim kubva kuCentral Asia akabva kuAndia uye akagara ipapo. Ivo vanobata zvinorema kuBuddhism uye vakarambidza maIndia kuti vatendeukire kuIslam kuburikidza nechisimba uye nzira dzehupfumi. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 13, Buddhism anga achida kuIndia. Nekudaro, kuChina, Japan, South Korea uye Southeast Allian nyika, tsika yekufungisisa yeBuddha yakachengetedzwa uye kuvandudzwa.
Muzana ramakore re6 BC, Buddha akaunza (Vipassana), iyo yakanyangarika muIndia muzana ramakore rechigumi nematatu. VaMuslim vakapinda uye vakamanikidza Islam. Muzana ramakore rechi 8 BC-Century BC, mukukwirisa kwechitendero, hapana asana, izvo zvinoreva nzira yakajairika inogona kubvisa zvachose kurwadziwa. Pane zvikoro zviviri zvinozivikanwa zveOGA, zvinonzi: Karma Yoga naJnana Yoga. Karma Yoga inosimbisa tsika dzechitendero, nepo Jnana Yoga anotarisa pane chidzidzo uye kunzwisisa kweMagwaro echitendero. Nzira mbiri dzekudzidzira dzinogona kugonesa vanhu kuti vasvike kuusununguko.
Nguva yekirasi
5th Century BC - 2nd Century ad: yakakosha yoga classics inoonekwa
Kubva pane imwe nhoroondo yeVedas muna 1500 BC, kune rekodhi yakajeka yeYoga muUvanishing neyeBhaja, uye zvaisanganisira Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, uye Jnana Yoga. Yakaita Yoga, tsika yemweya yemweya, iva orthodox, kubva mukusimbisa maitiro kune zvekudyidzana nemaitiro, kutenda, uye ruzivo.
Kwakakomberedza 300 BC, The Indian Sage Patanjali akagadzira iyo Yoga Sutras, iyo Indian Yoga yakaumbwa zvechokwadi, uye tsika yeYoga yakatsanangurwa nenzira sere-nhanho. Patanjali anodziviswa semununuri weYoga. Iyo Yoga Sutras inotaura nezvekuzadzisa mamiriro emuviri wemuviri, pfungwa, uye nemweya kuburikidza nekucheneswa kwekunamata, uye kutsanangura Yoga senzira yekudzidzira iyo inodzvinyirira kwepfungwa. Ndokunge: Mugumo weSamklaa akafunga uye iyo yekudzidzira dzidziso yeiyo chikoro che yoga, tungamira nenzira yeiyo nhanho yechisere kuti uwane kusunungurwa uye kudzokera kune yechokwadi. Nzira yechisere isere ndeye: Iyo ndiyo nzvimbo yeRaja Yoga uye nzira yekuwana kujekeswa.
Post-Classical
Zana ramakore maviri advati - zana ramakore regumi nematatu AD: Yazvino Yoga yakarodzwa
Tantra, chinamato chesimba chine pesvedzero yakanyanya payo yoga, inotenda kuti rusununguko rwekupedzisira runogona kungowanikwa kuburikidza nekufungisisa uye kufungisisa, uye rusununguko runogona kuzotorwa kuburikidza nekunamatwa kwemwarikadzi. Vanotenda kuti zvese zvine chekuita nehuwandu uye duality (yakanaka uye yakaipa uye inotonhora, yin uye nzira yekubvisa marwadzo ndeyekubatana uye kuwirirana kwehukama hwese. Patanjali - kunyangwe akasimbisa kukosha kwekurovedza muviri uye kunatswa, aitendawo kuti muviri wemunhu hauna kuchena. Yogi yakavhenekera zvechokwadi ichaedza kubvisa kambani yeboka revanhu kuti vadzivise kusvibiswa. Nekudaro, iyo (tantra) Yoga Chikoro inokoshesa muviri wemunhu zvakawanda, inotenda kuti Ishe Shiva riripo mumuviri wemunhu, uye anotenda kuti kwakatangira zvinhu zvepabonde isimba rebonde, iro riri pazasi pemusana. Nyika haisi yekunyepedzera, asi chiratidzo cheumwari. Vanhu vanogona kuswedera pedyo nehukama kuburikidza neruzivo rwavo rwenyika. Ivo vanosarudza kusanganisa varume vechirume uye vakadzi simba nenzira yekufananidzira. Ivo vanovimba nenzvimbo yakaoma yoga yekumutsa simba rechikadzi mumuviri, bvisa kubva mumuviri, wobva washusha neine simba rechirume riri pamusoro pemusoro. Ivo vanoremekedza vakadzi kupfuura chero yogi.
Mushure meiyo yoga Sutras, iri post-classical yoga. Izvo zvinonyanya kusanganisira iyo yoga yekukwikwidza, tantra naHatha yoga. Kune 21 yoga upanishads. Mune aya anokwidza, kuziva kwakachena, kufunga uye kunyange kufungisisa hazvisi izvo chete nzira dzekuwana rusununguko. Ivo vese vanofanirwa kuzadzisa iyo mamiriro ekubatana kweBrahman uye Atman kuburikidza neyeplyological shanduko uye ruzivo rwemweya rwakakonzerwa nehunyanzvi hwekudzidzira maitiro. Naizvozvo, pakudya, kurega, Asanas, vanomwe Chakras, etc., vakasanganiswa naMantras, ruoko-muviri ...
Yazvino nguva
Yoga yakagadzira kusvika kune iyo iyo yave iri nzira yakapararira zvakanyanya yekurovedza muviri uye kwepfungwa munyika. Iyo yakapararira kubva kuIndia kuenda kuEurope, America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, etc., uye inokuremekedzwa zvikuru nekuda kwekushushikana kwepfungwa kwekushungurudza kwepfungwa uye hutano hwepfungwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzinosiyana-siyana dzave dzichienderera mberi, dzakadai sekupisa yoga, hatha yoga, hot yoga, hutano hwehukuru, nezvimwewo zveYoga masasa sainzi. Munguva dzazvino, kune mamwe manhamba ega ane simba rakakura, akadai saIyengar, Swami Ramdev, Zhang Huilan, etc. Hazvina kujairika kuti Yoga ichakwezva kutarisisa kubva kuvanhu kubva kune ese mafambiro ehupenyu.
Kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo kana kuda kuziva zvakawanda,ndapota taura nesu
Kutumira Nguva: Dec-25-202024
